PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.